Quantum Transport Measurement

Quantum transport focuses on the behaviours and properties of nanostructures which do not depend on the composition of the structures and which cannot be explained by laws of classical physics. What is unusual is the fact that those features do not necessarily depend on the size of the nanostructures. In order to make the high-speed DC transport measurements to understand these properties, scientists historically use an array of very precise and stable DC voltage sources, lock-in amplifiers, multimeters, oscilloscopes and other instruments coupled to A/D and D/A converters to enable computer control.

Our partners at SPECS realised that these are exactly the same components as were already present in their market leading Nanonis SPM control system. In order to adapt the system for quantum transport measurements, some considerable time was invested in developing a dedicated software package and increasing the number of inputs and outputs available. The result was a new product known as the Nanonis Tramea

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Quantum Transport Measurement

Quantum transport focuses on the behaviours and properties of nanostructures which do not depend on the composition of the structures and which cannot be explained by laws of classical physics. What is unusual is the fact that those features do not necessarily depend on the size of the nanostructures. In order to make the high-speed DC transport measurements to understand these properties, scientists historically use an array of very precise and stable DC voltage sources, lock-in amplifiers, multimeters, oscilloscopes and other instruments coupled to A/D and D/A converters to enable computer control.

Our partners at SPECS realised that these are exactly the same components as were already present in their market leading Nanonis SPM control system. In order to adapt the system for quantum transport measurements, some considerable time was invested in developing a dedicated software package and increasing the number of inputs and outputs available. The result was a new product known as the Nanonis Tramea

Key Features


  • Lower output noise than most dedicated DC sources
  • Up to 48 outputs
  • High-resolution DA conversion: true-20-bit analog outputs, 22-bit with hrDAC
  • High resolution AD-conversion: Up to 22-bit
  • 120 dB dynamic range
  • Lock-ins with over 100 dB dynamic reserve
  • Temperature stabilised for lowest drift

Quantum Transport Measurement

Quantum transport focuses on the behaviours and properties of nanostructures which do not depend on the composition of the structures and which cannot be explained by laws of classical physics. What is unusual is the fact that those features do not necessarily depend on the size of the nanostructures. In order to make the high-speed DC transport measurements to understand these properties, scientists historically use an array of very precise and stable DC voltage sources, lock-in amplifiers, multimeters, oscilloscopes and other instruments coupled to A/D and D/A converters to enable computer control.

Our partners at SPECS realised that these are exactly the same components as were already present in their market leading Nanonis SPM control system. In order to adapt the system for quantum transport measurements, some considerable time was invested in developing a dedicated software package and increasing the number of inputs and outputs available. The result was a new product known as the Nanonis Tramea

Key Features


  • Lower output noise than most dedicated DC sources
  • Up to 48 outputs
  • High-resolution DA conversion: true-20-bit analog outputs, 22-bit with hrDAC
  • High resolution AD-conversion: Up to 22-bit
  • 120 dB dynamic range
  • Lock-ins with over 100 dB dynamic reserve
  • Temperature stabilised for lowest drift

SPECS Nanonis Tramea Base Configuration

The Nanonis Tramea™ base configuration provides all elements required for performing high-speed DC transport measurements: 8 precision, high-speed DC sources, 8 precision analog inputs, and a full-featured software solution for data generation and acquisition. All signal conditioning, FPGA and real-time signal processing are also included in the base configuration, which offers a complete framework that can be adapted and extended with a wide range of add-on modules.

Base configuration: Real-time Controller, Signal Conversion unit and Nanonis software.

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Nanonis Tramea TSC Add On

When the number of sample contacts becomes very large, or when external instruments deliver many signals to be digitised, 8 input and output channels might simply not be enough. One additional TSC instantaneously doubles that number to 16. For even more complex experiments, a maximum of 3 TSCs can be connected to the Nanonis Tramea™ base configuration, transforming the instrument into a 24 outputs and 24 inputs system. Never before has that number of signals been generated or acquired with similar performance.

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Nanonis Tramea TSO add-on

Complex nanodevices require a large number of gate voltages, and this number is usually much larger than the number of signals to be digitized. While the 8 input channels of the Nanonis Tramea™ base configuration offer sufficient digitizing channels for most applications, 8 output channels might not cover all the requirements for sample driving voltages. One TSO instantaneously adds 16 high precision and low-noise 20-bit outputs to the Nanonis Tramea™ base configuration. For even more complex experiments, a maximum of 2 TSOs can be connected to the Nanonis Tramea™ base configuration, transforming the instrument into a 50 outputs and 8 inputs system. Never before has that number of signals been generated or acquired with similar performance.

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Tramea Lock In Modules

The lock-in modules let you modulate and demodulate any of the input and output signals available with frequencies up to 40 kHz. Up to 8 lock-in modules can be used independently from each other or synchronised in a phase coherent manner when the generation of multiple frequencies is required. With the multi-frequency option a single module can demodulate up to 8 harmonics of the same signal or independent input signals.

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Quantum Dot Simulator

The quantum dot simulator lets you explore the complete Nanonis Tramea™ measurement system as if it were connected to a real quantum dot. It simulates a typical single top-gate defined quantum dot, and includes the full feature set of the software. Possible measurements include single gate sweeps, left- vs. right-gate sweeps as well as stability diagrams. Lock-in operation allows differential conductance measurements.

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