Geology and Archaeology
Surface analytical techniques are playing an increasingly vital role in both geoscience and cultural heritage research. Tools such as Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Near Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) offer powerful capabilities for investigating the composition and surface chemistry of geological materials, archaeological finds, and heritage artifacts—whether in the field, the lab, or in situ within museums or excavation sites.
LIBS is especially valued for its ability to deliver rapid, non-destructive elemental analysis with minimal sample preparation. In geology, it is widely used for mineral identification, ore composition studies, and geochemical mapping. In archaeology, LIBS enables researchers to analyze pigments, ceramics, metals, and glass artifacts to determine provenance, manufacturing techniques, and degradation processes. Its portability and real-time data output make it ideal for use on archaeological sites and in conservation labs, where preserving the integrity of delicate samples is crucial.
NAP-XPS expands the capabilities of traditional X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy by allowing chemical analysis under near-ambient conditions, rather than ultra-high vacuum. This makes it particularly useful for studying materials that are sensitive to dehydration or environmental changes without altering their natural state. Examples include such as ancient pottery, corroded metals, or weathered stone. In both geology and heritage science, NAP-XPS provides insights into surface interactions with water, air, and pollutants, supporting research into weathering, corrosion, conservation, and environmental exposure. Together, LIBS and NAP-XPS offer a versatile, non-invasive toolkit for advancing our understanding of Earth materials and preserving cultural history.
